According to MacTutor's page on Pierre de Fermat1, following earning his law degree, In Toulouse he bought the offices of Councillor at the parliament and in this town became both a lawyer and government official. From tjis point on Fermat continued to live and work in Toulouse but also found work in both the towns of Beaumont-de-Lomagne and Castres. As of May 14, 1631 Fermat worked within the lower chamber of the parliament until he was promoted to a higher chamber on January 16,1638. He remained at this level until 1652 when he was given the highest rank possible at the criminal court. A plague began to go through the area in the 1650's, sicking Fermat in 1653. Fermat was reported dead but this was later found to be a mistake. After this period of time, Fermat's work in mathematics began to grow.
1 This source is the only one to tell that his name is actually "Pierre Fermat". He was entitled to "Pierre de Fermat" when he began work as a government official.↩
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